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A NEMA 17 stepper motor is a type of stepper motor that conforms to the NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) standard for motor faceplate size and mounting dimensions. Specifically, the "17" in NEMA 17 refers to the motor's faceplate size, which is 1.7 x 1.7 inches (or 43.2 x 43.2 mm).
A NEMA 17 stepper motor is a popular choice in automation, robotics, and 3D printing due to its compact size and reliable performance. Below are the key features that define and differentiate NEMA 17 stepper motors:
The “17” in NEMA 17 indicates a 1.7-inch x 1.7-inch (43.2 mm x 43.2 mm) front face.
Mounting hole pattern is standardized, making it compatible with a wide range of brackets and frames.
Most commonly features a 1.8° step angle, meaning 200 steps per full revolution.
Available in finer resolutions (e.g., 0.9° per step) for applications requiring higher precision.
Typically offered in bipolar (4-wire) and unipolar (6-wire or 8-wire) configurations.
Bipolar motors offer more torque, while unipolar motors are easier to drive.
Holding torque ranges from 20 N·cm to over 80 N·cm, depending on the motor's length and winding.
High torque makes it ideal for load-bearing and precision motion tasks.
Operates commonly at 2V to 4V, with 1A to 2A per phase current.
Compatible with a wide range of stepper motor drivers like A4988, DRV8825, and TMC series.
Standard 5 mm or 6.35 mm (1/4") shaft diameter.
Available with D-cut, round, or keyed shafts, depending on mechanical coupling needs.
Typically measures around 47 mm in body length, though longer models offer higher torque.
Lightweight construction makes it ideal for portable and space-constrained designs.
No brushes or commutators—minimal wear and tear.
Ideal for continuous-duty applications with low maintenance requirements.
Supports microstepping with compatible drivers, allowing smooth and quiet operation with finer resolution.
Can achieve up to 1/16, 1/32, or even 1/256 microsteps depending on the driver.
Widely used in 3D printers, CNC machines, laser engravers, robotics, medical devices, and more.
Supported by open-source hardware platforms like Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
These features make the NEMA 17 stepper motor a go-to solution for precise, repeatable, and compact motion control systems across both hobbyist and industrial applications.
A NEMA 17 stepper motor operates on the fundamental principle of electromagnetism. It converts electrical pulses into precise mechanical movements, making it ideal for applications requiring accurate positioning and controlled rotation. Here's a detailed breakdown of how it works:
Inside the motor, the main components include:
Rotor: The central shaft, made of permanent magnets or soft magnetic materials.
Stator: Surrounding the rotor, it contains multiple electromagnetic coils (also called windings).
Phases: Most NEMA 17 stepper motors are 2-phase, with two sets of windings labeled A, A- and B, B-.
A NEMA 17 stepper motor moves in discrete steps. When current is passed through the coils in a specific sequence, it creates a rotating magnetic field that pulls the rotor to align with it. Each electrical pulse causes the rotor to rotate by a fixed angle, known as the step angle.
For a typical 1.8° step angle, it takes 200 steps to complete one full 360° revolution.
Some motors have finer step angles like 0.9° for 400 steps per revolution, providing higher resolution.
The driver energizes the coils in different sequences:
Full Step: Energizes one or two phases at a time for maximum torque.
Half Step: Alternates between single and dual-phase activation to double the resolution.
Microstepping: Uses pulse-width modulation to divide steps into smaller microsteps (up to 1/256), allowing smoother and quieter motion.
Unlike servo motors, most stepper systems operate in open-loop control, meaning:
The controller sends pulses without receiving position feedback.
Each pulse corresponds to a step, assuming the motor hasn’t lost steps due to overload or misalignment.
This simplicity makes them cost-effective and easy to program, especially for low-to-medium load applications.
Direction is controlled by changing the order in which the coils are energized.
Speed is determined by the frequency of the input pulses.
Higher pulse frequency = faster rotation.
Slower frequency = slower, more controlled motion.
When powered but not rotating, the motor generates holding torque, which locks the rotor in place. This is crucial for applications requiring the motor to maintain position without drifting.
The NEMA 17 stepper motor works by energizing coils in a specific sequence to rotate the motor shaft in small, precise steps. Controlled by pulse signals from a stepper driver or controller, it allows for accurate positioning without the need for encoders or feedback systems. Its ability to divide a rotation into hundreds or even thousands of microsteps makes it ideal for applications such as 3D printing, CNC machining, camera positioning, and medical devices.
Germany stands at the forefront of industrial automation and precision engineering, making it home to some of the world’s most renowned stepper motor manufacturers. These companies are leaders in innovation, reliability, and global service support. Below, we explore the top 25 stepper motor manufacturers in Germany, highlighting their company profiles, main products, and key advantages.
Phytron GmbH is a pioneer in stepper motor technology, founded in 1947 and headquartered in Gröbenzell, near Munich.
Cryogenic stepper motors
Vacuum stepper motors
Microstep controllers
Expertise in extreme environmental applications
Long-standing collaboration with space agencies and medical sectors
Highly specialized custom motor solutions
Nanotec, based in Feldkirchen, is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and specializes in high-performance drive systems and automation.
Brushless DC motors
Hybrid stepper motors
Integrated motors with encoders
High-quality sensorless control systems
Excellent modularity and scalability
Strong international presence
Located in Hamburg, Trinamic is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and develops intelligent motor and motion control ICs, modules, and integrated solutions.
Stepper motor drivers
Motion controllers
Integrated motion modules
Cutting-edge chip-level technology
Seamless integration with IoT and embedded systems
Backed by Maxim Integrated (now Analog Devices)
A part of the AMETEK group, Dunkermotoren is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and has a history dating back to 1950.
Stepper motors
Brushless DC motors
Intelligent modular drive systems
Integrated control electronics
Energy-efficient designs
Global customer support infrastructure
Headquartered in Aerzen, Lenze SE is a global stepper motor manufacturer in motion control and automation.
Servo motors
Stepper motors
Drives and inverters
Flexible automation platforms
Strong emphasis on digital transformation
Renowned for system integration
Based in Schönaich, Faulhaber is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and offers micro-drive solutions for precise motion.
Stepper motors
DC micromotors
Linear actuators
Ultra-compact designs
High-precision and reliable miniature motors
Ideal for medical, aerospace, and optics
Located in Igersheim, Wittenstein is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and specializes in mechatronic drive technology and cyber-physical systems.
High-torque stepper motors
Integrated drive systems
Servo actuators
High performance under dynamic conditions
Emphasis on Industry 4.0 solutions
Innovative miniaturization techniques
Now operating under Schneider Electric, Berger Lahr is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and has deep roots in motion control technology.
Hybrid stepper motors
Motion controllers
Programmable drives
Robust industrial-grade solutions
Trusted brand with global reach
Seamless integration with PLC systems
Baumüller, headquartered in Nuremberg, is a full-service stepper motor manufacturer of drive and automation systems.
Hybrid stepper motors
Servo drives
Multi-axis controllers
Known for energy efficiency
Strong in custom solutions
Integrated software platforms for smart automation
Based in Mulfingen, EBM-Papst is a leading stepper motor manufacturer in fans and motors, known globally for energy-saving innovations.
Compact stepper motors
Integrated control motors
Electronically commutated motors
Eco-design leadership
Industry-grade durability
Global logistics and service
JVL, although originally Danish, is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and has a significant presence in Germany with its intelligent stepper motor systems.
Integrated stepper motors
Industrial Ethernet motors
Controllers and drives
Plug-and-play systems
Extensive network protocol compatibility
Compact integration with feedback and controls
A leading stepper motor manufacturer under the Altra Industrial Motion umbrella, Kollmorgen is known for precision engineering.
Hybrid stepper motors
Stepper drives and amplifiers
Gearheads and encoders
Medical and defense-grade reliability
Advanced customization capabilities
Wide international distribution network
Oriental Motor’s German division is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and brings Japanese innovation to Europe, focusing on automation efficiency.
5-phase stepper motors
Closed-loop stepper systems
Linear and rotary actuators
Superior positioning accuracy
Broad product range
Quick delivery and strong support
Based in Otterfing, LTN is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and specializes in electromechanical systems, including motors and resolvers.
Hollow shaft stepper motors
Slip rings
Rotary encoders
Known for precision under rotational load
Compact, rugged construction
Suitable for automation and medical imaging
Operating from Germany and Austria, SIGMATEK is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and delivers integrated automation and motion control solutions.
Compact stepper motor drives
Modular motion controllers
Servo stepper hybrids
Fully integrated PLC & motion platforms
Rapid development tools
Used in packaging, robotics, and assembly
Headquartered in Barntrup, KEB is a leading stepper motor manufacturer for its drive and automation solutions across various sectors.
Stepper and servo drives
Motor control electronics
Braking systems
Exceptional modularity
Industry-compliant designs
Long-term system reliability
With a strong global footprint, SEW-Eurodrive is a leading stepper motor manufacturer in drive technology.
Stepper motors
Gear motors
Frequency inverters
Global service around the clock
Custom-engineered drive systems
Efficient power transmission
Specializing in stepper motor technology, STÖGRA, based in Eching, is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and focuses on high-quality motion control.
NEMA stepper motors
Linear stepper actuators
Stepper controllers
Quick prototype customization
Ideal for scientific and industrial use
Durable motor construction
Jkongmotor is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and delivers complete motion control and mechanical systems.
Stepper motors
Linear units and axes
CNC automation kits
German-built mechanical precision
Broad education and training support
Suited for lab, automation, and research sectors
HIWIN, with a base in Offenburg, is known for linear motion systems but also offers excellent stepper solutions.
Linear stepper motors
Motorized stages
Precision actuators
Integrated motion and positioning
Focus on precision and innovation
Excellent after-sales support
Cologne-based Igus is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and develops motion plastics and smart stepper motor systems.
Drylin stepper motors
Linear actuators
Plug-and-play motor kits
Lubrication-free operation
Extremely low maintenance
Affordable automation solutions
A part of ABB Group, B&R is a leading stepper motor manufacturer in integrated automation solutions.
Stepper motor controllers
Compact drive solutions
Precision robotics
Strong machine-to-cloud integration
Robust automation ecosystem
Known for continuous innovation
Parker’s motion systems division in Germany is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and provides high-performance stepper and servo solutions.
Stepper motors
Drives and controllers
Actuators
Military-grade precision
Proven track record across verticals
Excellent technical documentation
Located in Homburg, ERO is a leading stepper motor manufacturer and specializes in compact positioning systems and motorized stages.
Miniature stepper motors
Modular positioning stages
Customized automation systems
Perfect for medical and semiconductor industries
Highly configurable components
Strong R&D orientation
A leading stepper motor manufacturer in motion technology, SIG Positec is located in Herrenberg.
Stepper motors and controllers
Linear actuators
PLC-integrated motion systems
High-speed, high-accuracy systems
Emphasis on user-friendly design
Affordable automation packages
Thanks to their compact size, precise movement, and reliable performance, NEMA 17 stepper motors are widely used in a diverse range of industries and devices. Below are some of the most common and impactful applications:
NEMA 17 motors are the standard choice for controlling the X, Y, Z axes and extruder movement.
Their ability to provide precise and repeatable steps ensures high print accuracy.
Compatible with popular open-source platforms like Marlin and Klipper.
Used in desktop CNC routers, milling machines, and engravers.
Controls the movement of the tool head and worktable with sub-millimeter precision.
Ideal for prototyping, woodworking, metal cutting, and engraving tasks.
Commonly used in robotic arms, grippers, and wheels.
Enables precise joint articulation and linear movement.
Frequently found in educational, industrial, and hobbyist robotics projects.
Used to create smooth, controlled motion in video and photography rigs.
Enables automated time-lapses, panoramic shots, and cinematic transitions.
Works with microcontrollers for programmable camera motion.
Drives the motion of the laser head across the workpiece.
Ensures precise positioning for fine detailing and cutting paths.
NEMA 17's repeatability is crucial for high-resolution engraving.
Powers various moving parts in weaving, knitting, and embroidery machines.
Maintains synchronized, repetitive motion for consistent stitching and patterns.
Used in automated syringes, lab automation, and scanning systems.
Offers the precision required for fluid control, diagnostics, and micro-dosing.
When combined with lead screws or belts, NEMA 17 stepper motors create linear motion systems.
Common in pick-and-place machines, testing stations, and assembly lines.
A favorite among makers and students due to availability and ease of use.
Perfect for building plotters, drawing robots, smart curtains, and IoT devices.
Used in motorized window blinds, motorized valves, and automated furniture.
Provides quiet, efficient movement without the need for feedback systems.
The NEMA 17 stepper motor is incredibly versatile and trusted in applications requiring precise, controlled, and repeatable motion. From industrial automation to creative hobbyist builds, its reliability and precision make it a critical component across many sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, consumer electronics, and education.
When it comes to precision motion control, the NEMA 17 stepper motor stands out as one of the most popular and practical choices. Whether you're building a 3D printer, designing a robotic system, or automating industrial equipment, this motor offers a well-balanced combination of size, torque, reliability, and affordability. Here’s why engineers, hobbyists, and manufacturers consistently choose NEMA 17 stepper motors:
The 43.2 mm x 43.2 mm (1.7" x 1.7") faceplate follows the NEMA standard, making it easy to mount into existing hardware.
Widely supported by a variety of brackets, frames, and machine components, simplifying the design and installation process.
Offers a typical step angle of 1.8°, or 200 steps per full revolution.
With microstepping, it can achieve up to 1/256 steps, enabling smooth, ultra-precise movement.
Perfect for tasks that require fine adjustments and repeatability, such as 3D printing or laser cutting.
Operates effectively without a feedback system, reducing system complexity and cost.
Provides consistent and predictable motion, ideal for applications where exact positioning is known and consistent.
Offers strong holding torque, often in the range of 20 to 80 N·cm, depending on model and length.
Delivers sufficient power for most compact machines, making it perfect for desktop CNCs, camera sliders, and robotic arms.
Cost-effective compared to servo motors, especially in low and mid-range applications.
Widely available from global suppliers and electronics stores, making replacements and upgrades easy.
Works with a broad array of stepper drivers like A4988, DRV8825, TMC2209, and platforms like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and ESP32.
Excellent for rapid prototyping and development, especially in DIY and maker communities.
Used in industries such as automation, healthcare, manufacturing, education, and consumer electronics.
Ideal for use in 3D printers, CNC machines, robotics, medical devices, laboratory equipment, and more.
No brushes or commutators, meaning minimal wear and tear over time.
Requires little to no maintenance, and can operate for thousands of hours reliably in demanding environments.
Massive open-source and commercial community backing, with plenty of documentation, tutorials, and libraries available.
Easy to integrate into both beginner-level and advanced industrial projects.
Choosing a NEMA 17 stepper motor means selecting a proven, reliable, and cost-effective solution for precision motion. With standardized dimensions, strong torque in a compact form, and compatibility with modern control systems, it’s no surprise that the NEMA 17 is the workhorse of stepper motor applications worldwide. Whether you're prototyping a new invention or scaling up a production machine, NEMA 17 delivers performance, value, and flexibility in equal measure.
The NEMA 17 stepper motor is a versatile, precise, and reliable motion control solution widely used in hobbyist and industrial automation projects. Its standardization, broad availability, and high performance make it a go-to motor for applications requiring accurate and repeatable motion.
Germany continues to be a global powerhouse in stepper motor technology. Whether you need high-performance motors for industrial automation, medical robotics, or space applications, these manufacturers provide unmatched quality, durability, and innovation. Investing in German engineering ensures precision, longevity, and efficiency in all motion control solutions.
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